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Библиотека›Reported Speech
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Гарнитура

Reporting Verbs and Their Patterns

В английском десятки глаголов для передачи чьих-то слов — admit, promise, warn, suggest, apologise, refuse, advise, insist. Каждый несёт свой оттенок значения, но практическая проблема — грамматическая: разные вводящие глаголы следуют разным структурным схемам, и именно схема решает, что может идти после глагола.

Выбрать правильный глагол — это лишь половина работы. Использовать после него правильную структуру — вторая половина.

She suggested that we leave early.
She suggested leaving early.
She offered to drive us home.
He apologised for being late.

Четыре глагола, четыре разные структуры. Всего основных схем пять плюс одна с предлогом. Усвоить, какой глагол подходит к какой схеме, — ключевой навык этого урока.

Глагол + that-clause

За глаголом сразу следует придаточное, без дополнения между ними. Слово that в неформальной речи обычно можно опустить.

Глаголы, которые работают так: say, admit, claim, explain, insist, agree, reply, complain, deny, mention, promise, suggest.

Daniel said that he was tired.
She admitted that the report was incomplete.
The manager explained that the system had crashed.
Anna complained that the room was too cold.

С глаголами предложения или требования (suggest, insist, recommend, propose) формальный английский использует базовую форму глагола — это сослагательное наклонение, и оно не меняется по лицам.

He insisted that she be present at the meeting.
They suggested that the policy be reviewed.

Глагол + дополнение + that-clause

Некоторым вводящим глаголам нужен человек перед that-clause — слушатель часть грамматики, а не опция.

Глаголы этой группы: tell, inform, warn, remind, convince, promise, assure.

She told Maria that the package had arrived.
The email informed us that the deadline had moved.
I reminded him that the keys were on the table.
The evidence convinced the jury that he was innocent.

Tell и inform требуют этой схемы — нельзя сказать she told that... без человека. Promise и warn работают и с дополнением, и без него.

Глагол + to-infinitive

За вводящим глаголом сразу следует to + глагол, без дополнения. Подлежащее основного глагола одновременно является подлежащим инфинитива — тот, кто agreed или refused, и есть исполнитель действия.

Частые глаголы: agree, promise, offer, refuse, threaten, claim, decide, demand.

James agreed to help with the project.
Sarah promised to send the file by Friday.
The neighbour offered to water the plants.
He refused to answer the question.
The company threatened to take legal action.

Глагол + дополнение + to-infinitive

Глаголу нужен человек между ним и инфинитивом. Дополнение — тот, кто выполняет действие инфинитива.

Глаголы этой группы: tell, ask, advise, warn, encourage, invite, remind, order, persuade, urge, instruct.

The doctor advised her to rest for a week.
The coach encouraged the players to keep going.
Tom invited us to join the meeting.
The officer ordered the driver to stop.
I persuaded Daniel to apply for the position.

Чтобы сделать инфинитив отрицательным, поставьте not перед to.

She warned them not to touch the wet paint.
The teacher reminded the students not to forget their ID cards.

Глагол + -ing

За некоторыми вводящими глаголами следует герундий — форма на -ing, работающая как существительное. Ни дополнения, ни to, ни that.

Глаголы этой группы: admit, deny, suggest, recommend, regret, mention, propose.

He admitted stealing the money.
She denied knowing the password.
Anna suggested meeting on Tuesday.
The reviewer recommended reading the second chapter first.
Daniel mentioned seeing her at the conference.

Подлежащее глагола на -ing обычно тот же человек, который ведёт речь, — she denied knowing значит she denied that she knew. Когда подлежащее другое, используйте схему с that-clause.

Глагол + предлог + -ing

Некоторые вводящие глаголы привязаны к фиксированному предлогу, а за предлогом всегда следует форма на -ing — никогда to + инфинитив.

ГЛАГОЛ + ПРЕДЛОГПРИМЕР
apologise forHe apologised for arriving late.
insist onShe insisted on paying the bill.
accuse (sb) ofThe manager accused him of lying.
congratulate (sb) onWe congratulated her on passing the exam.
warn (sb) againstThe guide warned us against swimming there.
thank (sb) forMaria thanked me for helping her.
blame (sb) forThey blamed the driver for the delay.

Там, где в таблице стоит (sb), человек ставится между глаголом и предлогом.

The police accused the suspect of tampering with the evidence.
I thanked Sarah for covering my shift.

Глаголы с несколькими схемами

Несколько вводящих глаголов допускают больше одной схемы — со сдвигом значения.

Admit — that-clause или -ing.

He admitted that he had broken the window. — He admitted breaking the window.

Agree — to-инфинитив (agreed to do something) или that-clause (agreed with a statement).

We agreed to split the cost. — We agreed that the cost was too high.

Promise — to-инфинитив, that-clause или дополнение + that-clause.

She promised to call. — She promised that she would call. — She promised me that she would call.

Suggest — -ing или that-clause, но никогда to-инфинитив и никогда с дополнением.

She suggested leaving early. — She suggested that we leave early.
Not: She suggested me to leave / She suggested to leave.

Warn — дополнение + to-инфинитив, дополнение + about + существительное или дополнение + against + -ing.

He warned us not to drink the water. — He warned us about the icy road. — He warned us against driving at night.

Частые ошибки

Suggest

She suggested me to call her
She suggested that I call her / She suggested calling her
He suggested to go home early
He suggested going home early
I suggest you to read the book
I suggest that you read the book / I recommend reading the book

Tell и say

He said me that the meeting was cancelled
He told me that the meeting was cancelled
She told that she was tired
She said that she was tired

Неверная схема после глагола

She admitted to steal the money
She admitted stealing the money
He denied to know the truth
He denied knowing the truth
They recommended to visit the museum
They recommended visiting the museum

Пропущенное дополнение

She reminded to bring the documents
She reminded me to bring the documents
The teacher warned not to be late
The teacher warned us not to be late

Предлог + инфинитив

He apologised to be late
He apologised for being late
She insisted to pay
She insisted on paying
They accused him to cheat
They accused him of cheating

Отрицания

He promised to not be late
He promised not to be late
She advised us to not wait
She advised us not to wait

На этой странице

  • Глагол + that-clause
  • Глагол + дополнение + that-clause
  • Глагол + to-infinitive
  • Глагол + дополнение + to-infinitive
  • Глагол + -ing
  • Глагол + предлог + -ing
  • Глаголы с несколькими схемами
  • Частые ошибки
← ПредыдущийReported Commands and RequestsСледующий →Modals in Reported Speech

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Present → past в косвенной речи

B1Pronouns, Time, and Place Changes

Here → there, now → then