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Common Idioms by Theme

Idioms are easier to remember when they cluster around a shared image. A phrase about money tends to stick with other money phrases, and once you know two or three idioms built on weather, a new one slots into place quickly.

This lesson gathers frequent English idioms into seven familiar themes. Each entry gives a short gloss and one example sentence. The goal is recognition first, confident use second.

Money

Cost an arm and a leg — very expensive.

The new apartment in central London cost us an arm and a leg.

Break the bank — cost more than you can afford.

A short weekend in Paris won't break the bank.

Tighten your belt — spend less than usual.

After losing his job, Daniel had to tighten his belt for a few months.

Pay through the nose — pay much more than something is worth.

Tourists often pay through the nose for taxis near the station.

Cash cow — a product or business that brings in steady money.

Their streaming service has become a real cash cow for the company.

Money talks — wealth gives power and influence.

The project was approved within a week — money talks.

Body parts

Pull someone's leg — joke with someone, usually by teasing.

Relax, I'm pulling your leg — nobody ate your sandwich.

Hit the nail on the head — say or identify something exactly right.

Sarah hit the nail on the head when she blamed the slow server.

Keep your chin up — stay positive in a difficult situation.

Keep your chin up, the interview results will arrive soon.

Get cold feet — lose courage at the last moment.

James got cold feet an hour before the speech and almost left.

See eye to eye — fully agree with someone.

The two directors rarely see eye to eye on hiring.

A pain in the neck — an annoying person or thing.

Filling out these forms every month is a pain in the neck.

Weather

Under the weather — feeling mildly ill.

Anna's under the weather today, so she's working from home.

Raining cats and dogs — raining very heavily.

It was raining cats and dogs, so we cancelled the picnic.

Every cloud has a silver lining — every bad situation has some good side.

Losing that client was painful, but every cloud has a silver lining — we finally had time to fix the product.

Fair-weather friend — someone loyal only in good times.

He turned out to be a fair-weather friend once things got hard.

Take a rain check — politely decline now, accept later.

I'll have to take a rain check on dinner — I've got a deadline tomorrow.

Storm in a teacup — a minor issue treated as a crisis.

The whole office argument was a storm in a teacup.

Animals

Let the cat out of the bag — reveal a secret, usually by accident.

Tom let the cat out of the bag about Maria's promotion before the announcement.

Kill two birds with one stone — achieve two goals with one action.

By walking to work, I kill two birds with one stone: exercise and no traffic.

The elephant in the room — an obvious problem everyone avoids.

Nobody mentioned the budget cuts — the elephant in the room at every meeting.

Hold your horses — wait, slow down.

Hold your horses, we haven't even read the contract yet.

Take the bull by the horns — face a difficult situation directly.

She took the bull by the horns and spoke to her manager about the issue.

A fish out of water — someone uncomfortable in an unfamiliar setting.

On his first day in Tokyo, Daniel felt like a fish out of water.

Food

Piece of cake — very easy.

The final exam was a piece of cake after all that revision.

Spill the beans — reveal a secret.

Don't spill the beans about the surprise party.

In a pickle — in a difficult or awkward situation.

I'm in a bit of a pickle — I left my wallet at the office.

Take something with a grain of salt — treat information with some doubt.

Take his travel stories with a grain of salt; he likes to exaggerate.

Bring home the bacon — earn a living, especially the main income.

Anna brings home the bacon while her partner is studying.

A tough cookie — a strong, resilient person.

Don't worry about Maria, she's a tough cookie.

Colours

Out of the blue — unexpectedly, with no warning.

An old school friend called me out of the blue yesterday.

See red — become suddenly very angry.

He sees red whenever someone interrupts him mid-sentence.

Once in a blue moon — very rarely.

We visit that restaurant once in a blue moon — it's too far.

In the red / in the black — losing money / making a profit.

The company was in the red for two years before finally moving into the black.

White lie — a small, harmless lie told out of politeness.

I told a white lie and said I loved the gift.

Time

In the nick of time — just before it was too late.

The taxi arrived in the nick of time and we caught the flight.

Call it a day — stop working for the day.

It's almost nine — let's call it a day and finish tomorrow.

Kill time — pass time while waiting.

I killed time at the airport by reading a novel.

Ahead of time — earlier than expected or required.

Finish the slides ahead of time so we can review them calmly.

Time flies — time passes surprisingly quickly.

Time flies — I can't believe Sarah's daughter is already ten.

A note on using idioms

Idioms are best learned in small chunks rather than long lists, and always in context — the surrounding sentence is what makes the meaning click. Start by recognising them in films, articles, and conversation; active use comes naturally after that.

Register matters too. Most idioms here sound natural in everyday speech and informal writing, but they're usually out of place in formal reports, academic essays, or official correspondence. One idiom per paragraph is plenty; a message packed with them quickly sounds forced.

Common mistakes

Wrong preposition or word

It costs a arm and leg
It costs an arm and a leg
She is in the pickle
She is in a pickle
Raining cat and dog
Raining cats and dogs

Literal translation or wrong form

He pulled my foot
He pulled my leg
Take it with grain of salt
Take it with a grain of salt
Let the cat out of bag
Let the cat out of the bag

Overuse in formal writing

Our quarterly report: the new product is a real cash cow and competitors are in a pickle
Our quarterly report: the new product has been highly profitable, while competitors are struggling.

Mixing two idioms

That's a piece of cake walk
That's a piece of cake
He hit the nail on the head of the matter
He hit the nail on the head

On this page

  • Money
  • Body parts
  • Weather
  • Animals
  • Food
  • Colours
  • Time
  • A note on using idioms
  • Common mistakes
← PreviousWhat Are Idioms

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